This left him with two potential paths for succession. Intellectuals will be among the first to push back and shape the public discourse. Indeed, senior central propaganda officials met to discuss the newspaper protest, among other issues, and called it a plot to subvert the party, according to a speech on a party Web site of Lianyungang, a port city in eastern China. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. Observers argue that Premier Li has been marginalized, as Xi has taken over all of the top posts in economic affairs4. Having served for two decades as a top administrator of Chinas pacesetting city, Shanghai, Han Zheng emerged from the 19th Party Congress as a top economic decision-maker in national leadership. Hu Min, Hu Jintaos Five Golden Flowers (Hong Kong: Beiyunhe Press, 2012), pp. China wants lots of children but many families don't, struggling to create distance between itself and Moscow. Second, her low-profile personality and her demonstrated tenacity and political acumen, most notable in removing Bo Xilais protgs in Dalian even before Bos downfall, are indicative of her potential for leadership and political nerve. Li Keqiang and Cheng Hong have one daughter, who received her undergraduate degree from Peking University and later studied in the United States, according to some unverified sources. They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership ever since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. The first was Western constitutional democracy; others included promoting universal values of human rights, Western-inspired notions of media independence and civic participation, ardently pro-market neo-liberalism, and nihilist criticisms of the partys traumatic past. But Xiangtan, the area in Hunan Province that encompasses Maos hometown, is spending $1 billion to spruce up commemorative sites and facilities for the occasion, according to the Xiangtan government Web site. Undoing this restriction essentially lines Xi up to be President for Life.. That has included a visit to a historic site where Mao undertook one of his own attempts to remake the ruling party in the 1950s. Convection is different from conduction, which is a transfer of heat between . Han then served as deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) (197580) and as a clerk of the Shanghai Chemical Equipment Industry Co., Ltd (198082). For a detailed discussion of these cases, see Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), pp. Over the course of his first term, Xi has proven himself to be Chinas strongest leader since Deng Xiaoping. Xi Jinping was born on June 15, 1953, in Beijing. Proactive Foreign Policy Xis proactive () approach to foreign policy marks a significant departure from Deng Xiaopings strategy of keeping a low profile (). Others insisted that he would flaunt established institutional norms and stay in power beyond his allotted two terms. She received her undergraduate degree in English at the PLA Foreign Language Institute in Luoyang and her doctoral degree in literature at the Chinese Academy of Social Science. According to an unverified source, Han Zhengs wife, Wan Ming, previously served as vice-chair of the Shanghai Charity Foundation. According to the current CCP regulations and norms, Han will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo Standing Committee and then retire in 202223. Many of them have invoked Maoist talk of class war rarely seen in official publications in recent years. A party paper, known as Document No. Attempting to negate current leadership and deny the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics. Han joined the CCP in 1979. He was later appointed deputy party secretary and head of the Luwan District in Shanghai (199295) and was eventually promoted to deputy secretary-general (chief of staff) of the Shanghai municipal government, in addition to director of the City Planning Commission and director of the Securities Management Office (199597). Since the document was issued, the campaign for ideological orthodoxy has prompted a torrent of commentary and articles in party-run periodicals. Cheng Li, Chinas Team of Rivals, Foreign Policy, March/April 2009, pp. subversive meaning: 1. trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system: 2. trying to. She received a technical education from the Anshan Institute of Iron and Steel Technology in Anshan City, Liaoning Province (196569)1. His efforts have also included concerted attempts to seek a new model of great power relations with the United States. Deep-ocean currents transport a volume of water equal to that of 100 Amazon-size rivers. She joined the CCP in 1973. Some analystsincluding usnaively hoped that Xi wanted more time to train, groom, and test a potential successor before identifying the candidate. Liu then served as party secretary and deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council (201113). These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. Reform efforts have centered on marginalizing the four PLA general departments that had undermined the authority of the civilian-led CMC; transforming Chinas military operations from a Russian-style, army-centric system toward what analysts call a Western-style joint command system; and swiftly promoting young guards to top positions in the officer corps. Some analysts have viewed Hus Politburo membership as a reflection of Deng Xiaopings political design for a grandpa-designated successor (). Therefore, Chinese public expectations in the lead-up to the 19th Party Congress were that Hu Chunhua would ascend to the 19th Politburo Standing Committee, which presented a serious challenge for Xi. His ancestral home is Fuping County, Shaanxi Province. He then became vice premier of the State Council (200813), a Politburo member (200717), and a Politburo Standing Committee Member (201217). He later taught at Renmin University as an instructor (198687). To some extent, the overriding objective of his anti-corruption campaign has been to restore the Chinese publics faith in its ruling party, which lost public trust in the wake of the Bo Xilai scandal and the Ling Jihua incident.3, Military Reform Xi achieved a milestone victory in restructuring the PLA, through efforts which have been officially referred to as military reform (). Not much information is available regarding Hu Chunhuas family. Xi said, This is Liu He. Habit #3: Fix, make or bake stuff yourself, because it strengthens your independence of thought from the soul-robbing, imagination-sucking, corporate production of stuff. In October 2007, he was promoted to Politburo Standing Committee member (2007present) and, shortly thereafter, served as executive vice premier of the State Council (200813). He also developed good relations with Xi Jinping when Han served as Xis deputy in Shanghai in 2007, before Xi moved to Beijing to serve as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. Then, an internal Party memo referred to as Document No. Current name's position in town apparently. Constitutionalism is a weapon for information and psychological warfare used by the magnates of American monopoly capitalism and their proxies in China to subvert Chinas socialist system, said another commentary in the paper. Wang is widely considered to be a protg of both Zhu Rongji and Jiang Zemin. Whilst transparent debate on China in our media, universities . They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including universal values, constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. Mr. Xis edicts have been disseminated in a series of compulsory study sessions across the country, like one in the southern province of Hunan that was recounted on a local government Web site. Lis father-in-law, Cheng Jinrui, served as deputy secretary of the Henan Provincial CCYL Committee. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society." An internal Party memo, referred to as Document No. Promoting Western constitutional democracy. She later studied economic management in the Department of Economics at Liaoning University in Shenyang, Liaoning Province (via correspondence studies, 198184); participated in a program in economic management at the Liaoning Party School in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province (via correspondence studies, 198991); and attended a one-year training program at the Central Party School in Beijing (199293). Western anti-China forces led by the United States have joined in one after the other, and colluded with dissidents within the country to make slanderous attacks on us in the name of so-called press freedom and constitutional democracy, said Zhang Guangdong, a propaganda official in Lianyungang, citing the conclusions from the meeting of central propaganda officials. Han attended a two-year college program at Fudan University in Shanghai (198385), completed his undergraduate degree (via part-time studies) in politics at East China Normal University in Shanghai (198587), and graduated with a masters in international political economy from East China Normal University (199496). The memo called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society, including "Western constitutional democracy," "universal values" of human rights, and Western . Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. For more information, see. Liu Zhiyan was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, and he committed suicide in 1967, at the age of 49, by jumping from the Jinjian Hotel in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. He received a bachelors degree in Chinese literature from Peking University (197983) and a masters degree (via part-time studies) in world economics from the Central Party School (199699). Just what is the bottom line for reform? Mr. Hu said on a Web site run by his family to commemorate his father, Hu Yaobang, a leader of political and economic relaxation in the 1980s. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. It has become so pluralistic that any comparisons to that time are anachronistic. Zhang Ping, The sixth generation of leaders in the Chinese Communist Party was born out of speculations, Deutsche Welle, November 21, 2012. In Chinas tight but often contentious political circles, proponents of deeper Western-style economic changes are often allied with those pushing for rule of law and a more open political system, while traditionalists favor greater state control of both economic and political life. Hu advanced his political career largely through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL). (Of a ship) being moved by a tug. 1. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . 2. The couple does not have any children. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 18th Party Congress in 2012. If, for some reason, Li Keqiang steps down from his position as premier of the State Council before the end of his term, Han may be a leading candidate for that position. He has responded to praise of his work by stating that it is inappropriate to emphasize any one individuals contributions to Chinas economic policy. 9, said Professor Xiao, the historian. The pressures that prompted the partys ideological counteroffensive spilled onto the streets of Guangzhou, a city in southern China, early this year. He also worked as deputy head of Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet (1992), and as deputy party secretary and head of Shannan Prefecture, Tibet (199597). 15963. She was head of the Womens Association of Anshan City (198891), deputy head of the Workers Union of Liaoning Province (199193), head of the Womens Association of Liaoning (199394), head of the Workers Union of Liaoning (199497), and deputy party secretary of Liaoning (19972005). She served as president of the PLA General Political Department Song and Dance Troupe and president of the PLA Art Institute. Human rights advocates, he continued, want ultimately to form a force for political confrontation.. Liu He is one of Xi Jinpings most trusted confidants3. Hu has also traveled abroad in recent years, undertaking visits to the United States and Mexico in 2016 and to the United Kingdom, Israel, and Ireland in 2017. Anyone can read what you share. Their political connection likely began or was consolidated during her studies at the Central Party School in the early 1990s, when Hu served as president of the school2. Liu began his career as a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Jilin Province (196970)2. Li comes from a mid-level official family. Some foreign and Chinese media outlets have reported that Xi Jinping and Liu He attended the same middle school4. After that, Hu served as governor and deputy party secretary of Hebei Province (200809). However, Wang has ostensibly also made many political enemies. Sun also completed a masters program in management at Liaoning University in Shenyang (via part-time studies, 199295) and a masters program in politics at the Central Party School (via part-time studies, 200003). The information you're looking for, is in the "To URL" section. For most of the Hu era, Li was seen as a possible successor to his mentor. Staff members at the Southern Weekend newspaper there protested after a propaganda official rewrote an editorial celebrating constitutionalism the idea that state and party power should be subject to a supreme law that prevents abuses and protects citizens rights. Vice president of the Peoples Republic of China (2018present). Subversive definition, tending or intending to subvert or overthrow, destroy, or undermine an established or existing system, especially a legally constituted government or a set of beliefs. The couple has one daughter. Its certainly had his approval and reflects his general views.. Sun began her career as a worker in a watch factory in Anshan (1969) and, eventually, became a party official in the same factory (197174). On other policy issues, however, Xi has exhibited paradoxical preferences and tendencies. Rip currents are dangerous, offshore flows of water found at beaches where waves break across a surfzone and these currents responsible for many people getting into trouble while swimming. His attitude toward public intellectuals has proven similarly ambivalent. 9, issued in 2013 soon after Xi Jinping became party chief, warned that unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents such as support for Western . This includes four military alternate members of the 18th Central Committee who were promoted to be full members of the 19th Central Committee. Russia's Cold War subversive activities focused on so-called "active measures" - attempts to influence debate often delivered via "agents of influence", including politicians and journalists. Current therapies antibiotics that kill bacteria and steroids that tame infection-related inflammation can fail to ward off the worst consequences of the disease, particularly if therapy is initiated late due to delays in diagnosis. Of the many noteworthy developments from this period, the following three efforts stand out: Anti-Graft Campaign With the support of his principal political ally in the PSC, anticorruption czar Wang Qishan, Xi launched a remarkably bold national anti-graft campaign. Table of Contents. Three years later, in 2000, he was appointed director of the State Council General Office of Economic Reform. The citizen-activists demanding that party officials reveal their family wealth cited Mr. Xis own vows to end official corruption and deliver more candid government. History. 2. : criticizing something in a clever and indirect way in order to make it weaker or less effective. These include township-centered urbanization (), affordable housing, employment, food security, public health care, clean energy technology, and the reduction of bureaucratic barriers for private sector development. He was the first person from his county to attend Peking University. Prior to the 19th Party Congress in the fall of 2017, Han spent his entire career working in Shanghai. Liu Zhiyans second marriage resulted in one son and one daughter. These proposed constitutional revisions are the latestand most historically consequentialpower grab by the self-assured Chinese president. In 1998, Li was transferred to Henan Province, where he served as governor (19982003) and, concurrently, deputy party secretary (19982002) and then party secretary (200204). You might want to call someone subversive if they are sneakily trying to undermine something, from the social structure of your high school to an entire system of government. For more information on Xis family background and his early life experiences, see Liang Jian , New Biography of Xi Jinping [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2012), and Wu Ming , Biography of Xi Jinping [] (Hong Kong: , 2008). The confrontation at the newspaper and campaign demanding that officials disclose their wealth alarmed leaders and helped galvanize them into issuing Document No. The scale of those celebrations has not been announced. To Xi or not to Xi? Conclusion. Sun Chunlan comes from a humble background. Li began working in the CCYL Central Committee at the end of 1982, precisely when Hu Jintao became secretary of the CCYL. Western forces hostile to China and dissidents within the country are still constantly infiltrating the ideological sphere, says Document No. Deep-ocean currents are initiated near Antarctica and in the North Atlantic Ocean, where cold, dense water sinks. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 324. If Xi aspires to be a truly great and transformative Chinese leader, he must eventually present a clear and coherent vision for the country while also respecting the political rules and norms that have laid the groundwork for Chinas economic and political rise. HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. She also served as party secretary of Dalian, Liaoning (200105), and as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) (200509). Learn more. In other words, the party boss selects a team of rivals () in order to consolidate power.3. But they have been disappointed. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. Mr. Bo goes on trial on Thursday. It seems that Xi, more than any previous top leader, is interested in having his legacy centered on the development of rule of law and the judiciary in China. subversive organizations Plato wrote that the potentially subversive qualities of music were such that it would not be permitted in the perfect state. (Here are the 19 ships and submarines in U.S. naval fleet . During these visits, Xi affirmed the good work carried out under Hu Chunhuas leadership, especially in the areas of supply-side economic reform, technological innovation, and social stability4. Rip currents often occur in deeper channels, between areas of breaking waves, and can flow at speeds up to 2 m/s. He received his undergraduate education from the history department at the Northwestern University in Xian City, Shaanxi Province (1976). Wangs father was a professor at Tsinghua University who also worked as an engineer at the Design Institute in the Ministry of Construction. He also served as a soldier in the 38th Group Army of the PLA (197073). Upon taking office in 2013, Xi issued a memo urging party officials to eradicate "seven subversive currents" coursing through Chinese societyincluding "Western constitutional democracy," notions of "universal values" of human rights, and a Western-style free press. Equally important, this latest action further alienates a number of critical constituencies whose power Xi may be underestimating. Li then served as party secretary of Liaoning Province (200407). The author of five books and over 200 articles, Liu He focuses his research on five broad areas: the relationship between economic development and changes in industrial structure in China; macroeconomic theory; corporate governance and property rights; the new economy and the information industry; and the reform of Chinese SOEs. Xi was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi (196975)1. Peng is a famous Chinese folksinger who, until recently, served in the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) at the rank of major general. Hu Chunhua was selected as a Politburo member in 2012 and is considered a front-runner of the so-called sixth generation leadership. Promoting civic participation. Wang Qishan was born in 1948 in Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province1. Add a comment. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 281. Liu served as a chief drafter of the communiqu at the Third Plenum of the 18th National Party Congress, which claimed to be version 2.0 of Chinas market development.5. Some unofficial biographers say he was born in Qingdao City, Shandong Province, and that Tianzhen was his ancestral home. Liberal intellectuals will be among the first to push back and shape the public discourse. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. If these four leaders are excluded, 85 percent would be newcomers. Xi Jinpings close relationship with Wang Qishan has arguably been the most important factor facilitating the consolidation of Xis power and the implementation of his new policy initiatives since Xi took the top leadership post in 2012. A government memo from April identified seven "subversive currents" that are not to be spoken of, including "universal values" like human rights, press freedom, judicial independence, economic neoliberalism, and historic mistakes of the Communist Party. Their only daughter, Xi Mingze, received her undergraduate degree in psychology from Harvard University (201014) and later pursued a graduate program in the same field at a university in Beijing. In conjunction with his frequent meetings with foreign leaders in Guangdong, these trips abroad have helped to broaden Hus international experience. But leftists, feeling emboldened, could create trouble for Mr. Xis government, some analysts said. Current below the surface. Condemnations of constitutional government have prompted dismayed opposition from liberal intellectuals and even some moderate-minded former officials. subversive groups/activities. Buckey says that it "bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping." Psychodynamic Perspective. He joined the CCP in 1974. He served as deputy secretary (198792) and secretary (199295) of the CCYL in Tibet. Their friendship stems from their childhoods in Beijing. Hu Chunhua was born into a family of very humble means. Repentance in 12 points.<br><br>Having learned from the news about the planned measures to prevent illegal subversive activities, expressed in unjustified malicious criticism of the participants of the Special Military Operation, I completely revised my views, deeply repented and intend to disarm in front of all the Duma parties at the same time.<br>By item:<br><br>1) I now admit that for more . Of the 66 military members of the 19th Central Committee, 60 (91 percent) were newcomers.4. Power could escape their grip, they have . Han worked in the warehouse of a lifting installation company in Shanghai, and as a clerk in the supply and marketing division of the same company. According to some Chinese observers, Sun effectively constrained the power and influence of Bo Xilai in Dalian after she took over as the citys party chief from 2001 to 2005.3. 9 was mentioned; it enumerates the 'Seven Perils'. Iyesa Express ~ Sizwe Nzima's Rx Cycle Delivery; Tomorrow's Cities ~ BBC on Smart Urban Living. He also served as deputy head of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo Organizing Committee and head of the Executive Committee (200411). They have been disillusioned by Xi's leadership since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of "seven subversive currents," including universal values, constitutional . He and his wife were married in Tibet and have one daughter. The campaign carries some risks for Mr. Xi, who has indicated that the slowing economy needs new, more market-driven momentum that can come only from a relaxation of state influence. As the son-in-law of Yao Yilin, a former Politburo Standing Committee member and vice premier, Wang is considered a princeling. Birdsourcing ~ Citizen Scientist Ornithology! He then served as deputy director of the Research Office and then deputy director of the Industrial Policy and Long-term Planning Department in the State Planning Commission (198898). The government blamed a subversive organization for the riots. She served as secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) of the Light Industry Bureau of Anshan City (197477), and served as a manager and party official of the Anshan Textile Factory (197788). In comparison to his two predecessors, Premier Zhu Rongji and Premier Wen Jiabao, Li Keqiangs power and authority are noticeably limitedeven on economic policy, which has traditionally fallen under the purview of the premier. Wang was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanan County, Shaanxi (1969-1971)2. One could reasonably make the point that Xi has prevented Hu Chunhua from rising to the pinnacle of power. Mr. Xi has indicated that he wants a party meeting in the fall to endorse policies that would give market competition and private businesses a bigger role in the economy and Marxist stalwarts in the party are deeply wary of such proposals. A how-to guide for managing the end of the post-Cold War era. Xi was in charge of preparations for both the2008 Summer Olympicsin Beijing and the 2009celebrations commemorating the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the PRC. He then served as deputy director of the State Council Information Office, where he was in charge of e-commerce and international cooperation (200103). New Routes ~ Asia-to-Europe Translogistics. During his work in the financial sector in the 1990s, Wang established his patron/mentor relationship with Zhu, who was in charge of Chinas financial affairs at the time. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursi. As an accomplished financial expert as well as an effective communicator in both Chinese and English, Liu He has proven to be a great asset to Xi. In 2009, he was transferred to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where he served as party secretary (200912) and chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Peoples Congress (201012). The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party has proposed removing a clause from the countrys constitutionadded during the Deng Xiaoping erawhich limits both the presidency and vice presidency to two five-year terms. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. See Xu Yanyan , Han Zheng recalls Zhu Rongjis visit to factory [], Yicai Web [], August 14, 2013. Unsurprisingly, when Xi Jinping became general secretary of the party, he promoted Liu He to vice-minister of the NDRC and office director of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work, in which capacity he serves as Xis chief economic strategist. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 16th Party Congress in 2002. Liu was subsequently promoted to director of the State Information Center (19982001). During the visit, Zhu lauded Hans work. This refers to the pattern whereby Deng designated Hu Jintao, Jiang Zemin designated Xi Jinping, and Hu Jintao designated Hu Chunhua to be the top leaders of the succeeding generations2. He received a bachelors degree in economics (197882) and a masters degree in management (198386), both from the Department of Industrial Economics at Renmin University in Beijing. 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