[38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. Kim Philby attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in the early 1930s, with Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and others, he espoused communism. (LogOut/ There, he underwent MI5 interrogation aimed at ascertaining whether he had acted as a "third man" in Burgess and Maclean's spy ring. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. In our final extract, she secretly joins him behind the Iron Curtain. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". It was a mystery. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. After all, they won the war.'". He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. In time, details emerged of their lives after they defected. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. Clear rating. [58] This retraction came about when Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. 1915-1921. They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. I knew what I wanted to know and that was the end of the affair. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? He was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania. When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Kim Philby in Russia in 1968, five years after defecting. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. In a way hes always just been my father. He fell for her the moment he met her among the bohemian set he socialised with in Paris, where he was a British diplomat. Please try again later. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. Commenting on his sabotage of the operation to secretly send thousands of Albanian anti-communists into Albania to overthrow the communist government, which led to many being killed, Philby rebutted that he helped prevent another World War. [5] He also began working for both the Soviet and British intelligence, which usually consisted of posting letters in a crude code to a fictitious girlfriend, Mlle Dupont in Paris, for the Russians. Philby was also responsible for liaising with the CIA and promoting "more aggressive Anglo-American intelligence operations". "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. And this was the line Melinda presented to MI5 after his defection with fellow mole Guy Burgess: she had been every bit as duped as theyd been. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). Want to Read. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. He briefly reported from Cherbourg and Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. Pierre-Charles Path est un journaliste franais n le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. Another effort was made using a Turkish gulet for a seaborne landing, but it never left port. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. (. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. In 1936 he began working at a failing trade magazine, the Anglo-Russian Trade Gazette, as editor. The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. In late 1944 Philby, on instructions from his Soviet handler, maneuvered through the system successfully to replace Cowgill as head of Section Nine. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. [3], On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glencairn Balfour Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. His public position was that of First Secretary at the British Consulate; in reality, his intelligence work required overseeing British agents and working with the Turkish security services.[42]. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. [22][23], Alexander Orlov (born Lev Feldbin; code-name Swede), Philby's controller in Madrid, who had once met him in Perpignan, France, also defected. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. Rate this book. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Philby claimed to have overheard discussion of this by chance and sent a report to his controller. I dont accept Philbys excuses. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. Rufina Pukhova, his Russian-Polish wife, said Philby struggled to control his drinking by downing only two glasses of cognac a night and then handing her the bottle to hide. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. He was a man of considerable cultural background. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. "[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. Burgess did not cope well. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. We all loved him enormously. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. Then she drove off with the children. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. the title escapes me at the moment. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Expert news and commentary on intelligence, espionage, spies and spying, January 24, 2013 Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. [86][pageneeded]. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. Registered in England No. They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. Melinda fitted the bill. [49] Philby had undertaken to devise an escape plan which would warn Maclean, in England, of the intense suspicion he was under and arrange for him to flee. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. He was able to order new books from Bowes & Bowes bookshop in Cambridge, who checked with MI5 whether they should be supplying him. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. Modrzhinskaya concluded that all were double agents, working essentially for the British. [40], A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police names of agents operating within the British Empire that were known to him. Harry George Philby was so named after Harry Truman and George Washington, keeping with. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. We need it desperately." Known as Kim to his friends, Philby secretly defected to the USSR from his home in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1963. There was nothing more [he] could do. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. 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