Miners sweated in dusty mine shafts digging coal to fuel railroad engines. Parks, a 42-year-old seamstress, was also the secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. rising demand for buffalo robes in the 1840s. How does Shailas attitude toward Judith change during the course of the story? Based on this selection, which policy would the Populist Party be mostly likely to support? C) In the, states could limit voting rights in elections more African Americans could go to school segregation kept the races apart or separate sharecropping helped poor blacks own land, The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. to encourage Native Americans to adopt the ways of Americans. I like a little competition, but I like combination more." Hunters could chase herds to hunt individual buffalo. (She starred in both.) On August 28, 1963, some 250,000 peopleboth Black and whiteparticipated in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the largest demonstration in the history of the nations capital and the most significant display of the civil rights movements growing strength. Which idea does this passage express? There cant be liberation for half a race, declared Margaret Sloan, one of the women behind the National Black Feminist Organization, founded in 1973. The march was intended to bring about a kind of spiritual renewal among Black men and to instill in them a sense of solidarity and of personal responsibility to improve their own condition. Based on the account of Mrs. Berger, the transcontinental railroads.. Why would it be important for railroads to use strong management techniques? Only the election of the antislavery Republican Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860 remained before the southern states would begin severing ties with the Union, sparking the bloodiest conflict in American history. Its influence had stretched around the world, opening the doors of mainstream culture to Black artists and writers. As Americas exploding urban population faced shortages of employment and housing, violent hostility towards Black people had increased around the country; lynching, though illegal, was a widespread practice. Free at last! Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? The railroads provided jobs for settlers. Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? There on the sidewalk ______the photographers. the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops, Some American Indian people on the Great Plains lived in buildings like those shown here because. The organizations believed the participation of white students in the so-called Freedom Summer would bring increased visibility to their efforts. Renting of land to former slaves - limited economic opportunities to former slaves and poor whites in the south. The American Federation of Labor differed from the Knights of Labor in that it. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. With the aid of the NAACP, Meredith filed a lawsuit alleging that the university had discriminated against him because of his race. I have a dream, King intoned, expressing his faith that one day white and Black people would stand together as equals, and there would be harmony between the races: I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.. Two years later, she launched her own nationally syndicated talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show, which would go on to become the highest rated in TV history. The laws gave African Americans land or farms. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. What was one effect of the Haymarket Riot? His play caught the attention of Branch Rickey, general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who had been considering bringing an end to segregation in baseball. by economic cooperation and joint political action, The failure of reforms designed by the United States to help Native Americans was primarily a result of. In 1949, he testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee to discuss the appeal of Communism to Black Americans, surprising them with a ferocious condemnation of the racial discrimination embodied by the Jim Crow segregation laws of the South: The white public should start toward real understanding by appreciating that every single Negro who is worth his salt is going to resent any kind of slurs and discrimination because of his race, and hes going to use every bit of intelligenceto stop it. Police cars were set on fire and officers released tear gas to disperse crowds. The hashtag #BlackLivesMatter first appeared on Twitter on July 13, 2013, and spread widely as high-profile cases involving the deaths of Black civilians provoked renewed outrage. In what way did the nation's growing transportation system help promote economic growth? Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. I thought 5 was A but if not A, then D? After withstanding a tight Democratic primary battle with Hillary Clinton, the New York senator and former first lady, Obama defeated Senator John McCain of Arizona in the general election that November. Library of Congress Pew Research.The Path to Eric Garners death. Which of the following contributed MOST to the growth of the Cattle Kingdom? Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? US Representative Shirley Chisholm of Brooklyn announces her entry for Democratic nomination for the presidency, at the Concord Baptist Church in Brooklyn, New York on January 25, 1972. Rage over the verdict sparked the four days of the L.A. riots, beginning in the mostly Black South Central neighborhood. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work What factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? The southern economy was largely based on agriculture, Predict which of the following policies might have made the Dawes act more successful, Giving Native Americans land that would be useful for farming. Why did Southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as Reconstruction came to an end? In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). The ILGWU was notable because it was. Though it is impossible to give accurate figures, some historians have estimated that 6 to 7 million enslaved people were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone, depriving the African continent of its most valuable resourceits healthiest and ablest men and women. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. The New Yorker.The Hashtag Black Lives Matter. The success of conservative politicians that yearincluding Richard Nixons election as president and the third-party candidacy of the ardent segregationist George Wallace, who won 13 percent of the votefurther discouraged African Americans, many of whom felt that the tide was turning against the civil rights movement. On March 6, 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Scott v. Sanford, delivering a resounding victory to southern supporters of slavery and arousing the ire of northern abolitionists. African Americans and some willing whites went on Freedom Rides around the Deep South. Governor George Wallace was a leading foe of desegregation, and Birmingham had one of the strongest and most violent chapters of the Ku Klux Klan. Kings improvised sermon continued for nine minutes after the end of his prepared remarks, and his stirring words would be remembered as undoubtedly one of the greatest speeches in American history. The church bombing was the third in 11 days after the federal government had ordered the integration of Alabamas school system. Du Bois, became a leading voice in the growing Black protest movement during the first half of the 20th century. Also in 1793, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which made it a federal crime to assist an enslaved person trying to escape. Children and members of the Black Panthers give the Black Power salute outside of their "liberation school" in San Francisco, California in 1969. According to the Court, Congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights when dealing with enslaved people in the territories. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. read more, Black History Month honors the contributions of African Americans to U.S. history. In February 2022, the three other officers were found guilty ofdepriving Floyd of his civil rights when they helped with the restraint that led to his death. Why would the loss of farms make it especially difficult for the Southern economy to recover? The white protective societies that arose during this periodthe largest of which was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)sought to disenfranchise Black voters by using voter suppression and intimidation as well as more extreme violence. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. Authorities later estimated the total damage at around $1 billion. Mildred, however, spent three nights in a small womens cell and was released to her father. Obamas appearances in both the primaries and the general election drew impressive crowds, and his message of hope and changeembodied by the slogan Yes We Caninspired thousands of new voters, many young and Black, to cast their vote for the first time in the historic election. Cities in the East and West increased in population. All Rights Reserved. Many scholars consider it as two waves, between 1916 and 1930, and from 1940 . After the bill passed the Senate by an exceedingly narrow margin in early April, it was thought that the increasingly conservative House of Representatives, wary of the growing strength and militancy of the Black Power movement, would weaken it considerably. Many western territories began to apply for statehood between the 1860s and 1900. Less than a week after the Selma-to-Montgomery marchers were beaten and bloodied by Alabama state troopers in March 1965, President Lyndon Johnson addressed a joint session of Congress, calling for federal legislation to ensure protection of the voting rights of African Americans. ' Kings speech served as a defining moment for the civil rights movement, and he soon emerged as its most prominent figure. Most were denied the right to vote. In Regarding the Pain of Others, Susan Sontag says of war, We do not and cannot imagine what it was like, how dreadful or terrifying it was, how normal it becomes. How might Sadiq be regarded as a response to Sontags statement? Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. Its organizer, Minister Louis Farrakhan, had called for a million sober, disciplined, committed, dedicated, inspired Black men to meet in Washington on a day of atonement. Farrakhan, who had asserted control over the Nation of Islam (commonly known as the Black Muslims) in the late 1970s and reasserted its original principles of Black separatism, may have been an incendiary figure, but the idea behind the Million Man March was one most Blackand many whitepeople could get behind. Kennedy sent federal marshals to escort the riders to Jackson, Mississippi, but images of the bloodshed made the worldwide news, and the freedom rides continued. On March 21, after a U.S. district court ordered Alabama to permit the Selma-Montgomery march, some 2,000 marchers set out on the three-day journey, this time protected by U.S. Army troops and Alabama National Guard forces under federal control. The product of an interracial marriagehis father grew up in a small village in Kenya, his mother in KansasObama grew up in Hawaii but discovered his civic calling in Chicago, where he worked for several years as a community organizer on the citys largely Black South Side. On February 1, 1960, four Black students from the Agricultural and Technical College in Greensboro, North Carolina, sat down at the lunch counter in a local branch of Woolworths and ordered coffee. A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. A - no. . Founded in 1942 by the civil rights leader James Farmer, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) sought to end discrimination and improve race relations through direct action. Davis, claiming that his grades and test scores were higher than those of minority students who were admitted and accusing UC Davis of reverse discrimination. In June 1978, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of strict racial quotas was unconstitutional and that Bakke should be admitted; on the other hand, it held that institutions of higher education could rightfully use race as a criterion in admissions decisions in order to ensure diversity. How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? Which practice does Roosevelt advocate in the excerpt? My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. They were established as a step toward legal freedoms for African Americans. What factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. 4.The Union victory at Antietam allowed Lincoln a position ins trength. All four officers involved in the incident were fired. In this excerpt, Terence Powderly is trying to separate the Knights of Labor from the actions of anarchists in, In the text, you read this about the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union: C)rushed to join the Union army. How was the tragedy at Wounded Knee related to the Ghost Dance? Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, as more explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded in various read more. By 1900, the unwritten color line barring Black players from white teams in professional baseball was strictly enforced. What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West? As his success and fame grew, Robinson began speaking out publicly for Black equality. They tried to have the case vacated and the ruling overturned without success. READ MORE:How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement. Steel industry -Terence Powderly, President of the Knights of Labor After assisting in the Underground Railroad out of Missouri and engaging in the bloody struggle between pro- and anti-slavery forces in Kansas in the 1850s, Brown grew anxious to strike a more extreme blow for the cause. The fate of enslaved people in the United States would divide the nation during the Civil War. Ranching is common in temperate, dry areas, such as the Pampas region of South . In February, an Alabama state trooper shot a young African American demonstrator in nearby Marion, and the SCLC announced a massive protest march from Selma to the state capital in Montgomery. C.The Emancipation Proclamation Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? D.only in the north US under Union control Specifically, it banned literacy tests as a requirement for voting, mandated federal oversight of voter registration in areas where tests had previously been used and gave the U.S. attorney general the duty of challenging the use of poll taxes for state and local elections. King, who was on probation for robbery and had been drinking, led them on a high-speed chase, and by the time the patrolmen caught up to his car, several officers of the Los Angeles Police Department were on the scene. By asserting that the equal protection clause was not violated as long as reasonably equal conditions were provided to both groups, the Court established the separate but equal doctrine that would thereafter be used for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. Garveys boast of 6 million followers in 1923 was probably exaggerated, but even his critics admitted that the UNIA had some 500,000 members. Du Bois, for one, railed against Van Vechtens novel and criticized works by Black writers, such as McKays novel Home to Harlem, that he saw as reinforcing negative stereotypes of Black people. The New York Times.Tamir Rice. Frustrated Black servicemen were forced to combat racism even as they sought to further U.S. war aims; this became known as the Double V strategy, for the two victories they sought to win. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. About four-in-ten (39%) who gave follow-up answers on why this was the case cite domestic concerns, topped by immigration and border issues, health care, racism and race-related issues, or guns and gun violence issues. Plessy vs. Ferguson stood as the overriding judicial precedent in civil rights cases until 1954, when it was reversed by the Courts verdict in Brown v. Board of Education. It is cold and we have no blankets. In the lead-up to the read more, Black History Month is an annual celebration of achievements by African Americans and a time for recognizing their central role in U.S. history. Based on the text on the banners, which workers' issue most likely prompted this protest demonstration? After an appeal by the local congressman and mayor of Little Rock to stop the violence, President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the states National Guard and sent 1,000 members of the U.S. Armys 101st Airborne Division to enforce the integration of Central High School. The laws gave African Americans land for farms. Black Power was a form of both self-definition and self-defense for African Americans; it called on them to stop looking to the institutions of white Americawhich were believed to be inherently racistand act for themselves, by themselves, to seize the gains they desired, including better jobs, housing and education. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration? By the summer of 1862, however, Lincoln had come to believe he could not avoid the slavery question much longer. C? That year, John F. Kennedy made passage of new civil rights legislation part of his presidential campaign platform; he won more than 70 percent of the African American vote. President Johnson signed it into law the following day. In August of 1619, a journal entry recorded that 20 and odd Angolans, kidnapped by the Portuguese, arrived in the British colony of Virginia and were then were bought by English colonists. On Jan 1 1863 President Abe Lincoln signed the Which of the following contributed most to this process towards statehood? The term Black lives matter was first used by organizer Alicia Garza in a July 2013 Facebook post in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman, a Florida man who shot and killed unarmed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012. 2. -Andrew Carnegie, 1889 B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. In the summer of 1964, civil rights organizations including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) urged white students from the North to travel to Mississippi, where they helped register Black voters and build schools for Black children. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). As more explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded various! A position ins trength setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own work! Of Americans on Jan 1 1863 president Abe Lincoln signed the which of the 20th century areas, such the. 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