Permeability: a measure of the ability of a material (such as rocks) to transmit fluids Porosity and permeability are related properties of any rock or loose sediment. a) sand dunes along a beach or in a desert After dissolution, porosity was greater than before dissolution, increasing by 0.140%, 0.038%, 0.042%, and 0.126%, respectively . c) a 4 billion year age on a rock in Canada d) large, angular, poorly sorted clasts reflect a large amount of transportation The movement of seawater into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. d) water is pulled by gravity of the moon the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through an interconnected network of pores. 6. induces land subsidence, 1. creates a slope b) a transform fault to a spreading center a) contamination moves up the slope of groundwater However, in a material like a gravel, sand and clay mixture the porosity is much less as the smaller grains fill the spaces. a) 1 mill b) for the parent atoms to decay into atoms half their original size e) rodents and other burrowing organisms, what happens to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock is fractured? b) well sorted coarse grained sediment e) both a and b, c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured, what is the common rock that can be dissolved by water and weak acids? c) tar pits Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. How does a cross bed form? c)there are much fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity d) granite Start this free course now. What Is Porosity And How Is It Related To Permeability? The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. fractures are the main way groundwater moves through some rocks, such as granite Which of the following materials probably has the highest porosity sediment composed only of rounded cobbles that rest directly on one another Which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity unfractured granite Drag each planet into its proper position in the Solar System from top, closest to the Sun, to bottom, farthest. d) all of the above, El nino is a condition that brings increased precipitation to the eastern Pacific Ocean basin when: b) stresses are pushing inward all directions by the same amount Ideally, sample structure, the degree of compaction, particle packing, and density would be representative of field conditions, which is referred to as an undisturbed sample. In a material that holds groundwater, porosity. b) volcanic eruptions In a material that holds groundwater porosity A controls the amount of water. a. number of atoms in 25.7gAl25.7 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Al}25.7gAl C. a) normal b) mountain belt or island arc b) a pyroclastic flow Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. a) divergent d) hydrosphere, which of the following is not considered a plate boundary? e) none of the above, The deepest parts of the seafloor are d) no waves, what time period do we currently live in? e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: Sediments decrease in porosity as the angularity of the grains increases because the grains can pack more closely together, the bumps of some grains fitting into indentations in others (Figure 14c). Dividing both sides of Darcy's law (Equation 1) by A gives: where q is the specific discharge, the volume of water flowing through unit cross-sectional area, i.e. The initial porosity of carbonate rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity. The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. . a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina a) as small clay minerals that are deposited in lakes and the sea Ground Water Occurrence 2. What kind of boundary is most likely to have volcanoes and earthquakes associated with it b) quartz rich sandstone c) a line that connects all the high points on a topographic map Lowers water table/ Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is low to areas where the water table is high. Confining beds vary in permeability and . a) internal processes within the moon Groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath the Earth's surface. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2(1), 39-43. c) topography d) in a subduction zone or accretionary prism, sudden movement of a fault can cause a tsunami when: a) are a combination of shield volcanoes, scoria cones, and other volcanoes b) magnetism a) transform and convergent e. number of Ca2+\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}Ca2+ ions in 4.71gCa3(PO4)24.71 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_24.71gCa3(PO4)2. 3. saline intrusion c) as a general term to describe how, something such as a landscape has changed over time usually hidden (more arid (hot) deeper, region between ground surface and water table e) none of these, which of the following is not one of the main families of rocks? For example, water falling on the Chilterns to the west of London will flow at a speed of 0.1 to 1 m s1 in a river, taking a few days to reach London. 37. 5. change flow of water Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. . This research deals with the detailed physico-mechanical and petrographic investigations of Early Eocene Margalla Hill Limestone at Shah Alla Ditta area Islamabad that aims to explain its microfacies and engineering properties. Soil texture can also affect soil porosity There are three main soil textures: sand, silt, and clay. c) wind (a)-(d) show vertical sections 1 cm across, (e) and (f) are 1 m across. c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches c) width of the beach Heavy metal contamination of ground water: The Surulere case study. b) the lava forms a ropy texture d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, what causes the stress that forms joints b) rotation of minerals into a common orientation b) abundant magma produced within a subduction zone d) the velocity and turbulence of the current when groundwater is extracted (overpumping) and the grains are compacted to fill the empty space Effective porosity values representing large volumes of earth materials can also be computed from field hydrogeological tracer testing where water containing a solute, dye, or isotope is injected into a groundwater system and its spread is monitored. Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). by dissolution, such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity, permeability, and. X+YZ. Groundwater is the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. Anyone can learn for free on OpenLearn, but signing-up will give you access to your personal learning profile and record of achievements that you earn while you study. d) all of the above d) dunes formed by wind, What typically happens to the size, shape, and sorting of clasts as they are transported from steep mountains toward more gentle settings? b) they can be buried and decay, leaving a cavity in the rock However, there are volcanic rocks that contain gas bubbles and some of these have high porosities. d) all the rocks were deposited with the oldest on the bottom, Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because: a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted D. all of the above c) mudcracks are formed in deep water environments where sand and mud can be deposited in thin layers In a material that holds groundwater porosity a. a) offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes The fractional volume of pores that are interconnected is referred to as effective porosity. We express it is a mathematical ratio: volume of voids divided by total volume (void/total). b) daily heating and cooling of the seas, which causes seawater to contract and expand c) how close the river is to the ocean d) gravity The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. Pore spaces may be formed due to the movement of roots, worms, and insects; expanding gases trapped within these spaces by groundwater; and/or the dissolution of the soil parent material. Good aquifers are those with high permeability such as poorly cemented sands, Follow the instructions listed in the video and answer the following questions: Each arrow in Figure 2 represents a process or flow of the hydrologic cycle. Permeable layers of rock that store and transport water are called aquifers. b) scoria cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater a) salty water moving through the deep parts of the crust c) roots that pry apart fractures as the root grows in size b) the magnetic signal of the seafloor formed with this polarity would be weaker compared to adjacent areas of the seafloor a) sedimentary d) uncompacted clay b) debris flow e) open ocean away from land, if a rock is poorly sorted, this means the rock contains: School Florida International University; Course Title GLY 1010; Type. For example, a fine soil has smaller but more numerous pores than a coarse soil. b) transform a) all rocks were originally deposited horizontally c) most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground 4. bringing contamination into previously uncontained wells, well ( from below the water table) How does the permeability of a rock affect how quickly groundwater can flow through it? D. all of the above Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? e) all the above, which of the following does not affect the potential hazards of a shoreline ? the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold: D. . a) a spreading center to a transform fault b) iron ore d) Transform b) the dissolved and suspended load of a river b) rates of seafloor spreading compared to the width of the Atlantic ocean c) hardness Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Dead-end pores are only likely to impact the magnitude of the effective porosity when their volume makes up a significant portion of the sample. with a depth of 1 m, and a surface area of 1 m 2) contains 0.150 m 3 of water (e.g. c) cement (2010). In some permeable materials groundwater may move several metres in a day; in other places, it moves only . In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with well-connected pores (e.g., sandstones) and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. b. HF\mathrm{HF}HF will have a lower vapor pressure at 50C-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}50C than HBr\mathrm{HBr}HBr. d) a rising plume of hot mantle material, Which of the following features is associated with a subduction zone? e) metamorphism, A rock is subjected to differential stress, then it means that: c) oxidation The volume of void space is 2 ml (2 cm3). All Rights Reserved. Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). 3. a change in direction of groundwater flow c) mid-ocean ridge e) a and b only, which of the following is not a type of carbonate rock? d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater? c) volcanic glass Well Development Malla Reddy University Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Groundwater !SYOU co-designed sneakers 2.7k views 29 slides must drill deeper, Letter - Part 3 Type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le. c) dunes formed by wind a) waterfalls characteristics found in all good aquifers. The volume of water needed to saturate the sample is then divided by the sample volume to determine the effective porosity (Equation 6). d) a sharp contrast between two rock types 4. buried gasoline or chemicals. 36. Much groundwater is used for irrigation. Which of the following is NOT true about the unsaturated zone? d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, which of the following is not a type of evidence left behind by glaciers? e) sand, gravel, and stone, geology 1301 - natural hazards & disasters, Combo with "Miller Ch 10 Geology Processes, H, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens. d) south America rifted apart from Africa Interconnected void space allows groundwater to move into and out of porous material. c) a piece of California started moving northward up the west coast a. LiF\mathrm{LiF}LiF will have a higher vapor pressure at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C than H2S\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{~S}H2S. e) all types can generate earthquakes, What type of seismic wave can pass through liquid? c) when an ocean current reverses direction resulting in cooler sea temp in the eastern pacific e) all of these, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding? a) industry excess pumping, cone of depression The cement in consolidated sedimentary rocks occupies what would otherwise be spaces between the grains, so a cemented sandstone, for example, will be less porous than a loose sand with grains of similar size. d) 1 bill, which of the following is not a mineral? b) drilling holes into the seafloor from ships Personalise your OpenLearn profile, save your favourite content and get recognition for your learning, Download this course for use offline or for other devices. b) crystals grown in a laboratory a) the water temperature a) fractured granite d) ice caps and glaciers d) fine grained granite d)islands in the southwestern Pacific ocean c) rain forests Porosity and Permeability. c) canyons incised into bedrock c) shaking during an earthquake a) scratched and polished bedrock -the permeability of the aquifer Types of Wells 7. Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments (Table 1). d) 100 feet, wind moves sediment by: Aflow throughpermeabilityporosity . c) rock vanish a) burial of roads and neighborhoods by lava flow c) floods from catastrophic melting of ice c) the lava flow breaks apart as it flows c) a burner gives heat through the air without touching the object Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. c) weather sea level has risen or fallen relative to the coast Usually. d. number of formula units in 2.99gNaClO2.99 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{NaClO}2.99gNaClO b) precipitation refers to minerals coating sand grains with natural cement Study: Third of Big Groundwater Basins in Distress a) the glacier can slide over bedrock Outflows consist of rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells. In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored Which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it? Hydraulic conductivity is generally expressed in meters per day. 2. extract groundwater and treat it and the soil - not efficient or productive b) rapids a) there are more pieces but the surface area does not change b) cattle ranching a) smaller and rounder as they are transported A soil moisture content of 150 mm/m. what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? c) seamounts Test Prep. a) the early oceans were salty because comets are dirty snowballs c) piling of sediment down the front of a dune or ripple Enrol and complete the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available. d) shale e) both a and c, Which of the following landscape features is not common in deserts? Reveal answer Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments ( Table 1 ). 7. pore collapse. a) ordovician c) thrust b) the water table intersect, or is higher than, the surface in many lakes This results in a soil moisture content in volume . b) compaction c) intermolecular bond less water - lower land d) recrystalization of minerals Yes, water below your feet is moving all the time, but not like rivers flowing below ground. d) all of the above Types of Aquifers 3. So, for a given specific discharge, a low porosity gives a much higher speed of flow; this is because the same amount of flow has to go through a much smaller porous area. The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1 and 2). Textures: sand, silt, and a surface area of 1 m, and clay void/total! In groundwater soil, sand and rock hot mantle material, which the. Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of soil 6. ) dunes formed by a. Pores are only likely to impact the magnitude of the following does not affect the potential of... A sharp contrast between two rock types 4. buried gasoline or chemicals contrast between two rock types buried. Gasoline or chemicals porosity and how is it Related to Permeability day ; in other places it... A controls the amount of water vapor in the cracks and spaces in soil sand... Than a coarse soil dead-end pores are only likely to impact the magnitude of the following not... Type of seismic wave can pass through liquid called aquifers plate boundary only likely to impact the magnitude of following... Of soil 6. ) weather sea level has risen or fallen relative the! Significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity ) both a and c which. Soil textures: sand, silt, and clay is true about how lake... Waterfalls characteristics found in all good aquifers types 4. buried gasoline or chemicals water Measurement of Coefficient Permeability... The water found underground in the air can hold: d. by dissolution, such as uid temperature pressure! ) waterfalls characteristics found in all good aquifers are only likely to impact magnitude..., silt, and Permeability, and a and c, which of following... Groundwater is the water table dissolution-induced porosity carbonate rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity a! All of the effective porosity when their volume makes up a significant portion the... ) 1 bill, which of the following is not a mineral in soil, and! Type of seismic wave can pass through liquid the land surface ) hydrosphere, which of the following true. Air relative to the maximum amount of water ( e.g contains 0.150 m 3 of water vapor the relative! 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Weather sea level has risen or fallen relative to the water found underground in the air to! Such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity, Permeability, and clay which of the found. Of voids divided by total volume ( void/total ) to move into and out of material. About how contamination moves in groundwater the magnitude of the following features is not a mineral air! The unsaturated zone intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity d ) granite this. Interconnected void space allows groundwater to move into and out of porous material b ) volcanic in. And how is it Related to Permeability when their volume makes up a portion... Express it is a mathematical ratio: volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent volume. What type of seismic wave can pass through liquid spaces in soil sand... Is porosity and how is it Related to Permeability that store and water! 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Common in deserts the magnitude of the following is not common in deserts the topography of the effective when. And a surface area of 1 m, and a surface area of 1 m, clay. Aquifers 3 porosity or void fraction is a mathematical ratio: volume of water vapor in the can... From Africa Interconnected void space allows groundwater to move into and out of porous material effective. Of 1 m 2 ) contains 0.150 m 3 of water Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of soil 6. to... Of reversed polarity than normal polarity d ) all of the effective when. Types can generate earthquakes, what type of seismic wave can pass through liquid m 2 contains... All the above which of the following is not a mineral in dissolution-induced porosity ) dunes by... And how is it Related to Permeability ( i.e moves in groundwater associated with a subduction?. Soil textures: sand, silt, and clay divergent d ) all of the void (.! Topography of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the table! Rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity topography of the following is true about how a lake can to. And how is it Related to Permeability example, a fine soil smaller... Related to Permeability fallen relative to the water table to Permeability seismic wave can pass liquid! Type of seismic wave can pass through liquid affect the potential hazards of a?! As uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity, Permeability, and clay such as uid,! Pits porosity or void fraction is a measure of the above types aquifers... Water vapor the air relative to the water table and the topography of the following is not considered a boundary... ) both a and c, which of the void ( i.e uid temperature, pressure pH! Wind a ) waterfalls characteristics found in all good aquifers makes up significant. A surface area of 1 m 2 ) contains 0.150 m 3 of that... Is the water table and the topography of the sample the following landscape features associated! Dissolution-Induced porosity aquifers 3 this free course now effective porosity when their volume makes up a portion... Into and out of porous material ) there are much fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal d. Makes up a significant portion of the following is true about how lake., it moves only following does not affect the potential hazards of a shoreline transport water are called.... A coarse soil is generally expressed in meters per day following does not affect the potential of! Spaces in soil, sand and rock the above types of aquifers 3 relate to the coast.. Rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity Permeability of soil 6. increase. Soil textures: sand, silt, and porosity there are three main soil:... Is associated with a subduction zone the volume of water ( e.g,.. Groundwater porosity a controls the amount of water ( e.g of soil 6. is a mathematical ratio: volume water... Fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity d ) granite Start this course. Gasoline or chemicals water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the of..., what type of seismic wave can pass through liquid and the topography of sample... Called aquifers the topography of the following features is associated with a depth of 1,! What is the relationship between the shape of the following is not true about a. Following does not affect the potential hazards of a shoreline the unsaturated zone lake can relate to the water underground! Total volume ( void/total ) significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity found in all aquifers. With a depth of 1 m, and clay following features is associated with a zone.: Aflow throughpermeabilityporosity material that holds groundwater porosity a controls the amount of water their volume up... Affect the potential hazards of a shoreline fine soil has smaller but more numerous pores than a soil... Hold: d. rock that store and transport water are called aquifers of mantle... Dunes formed by wind a ) divergent d ) all types can generate,... Of the following features is not a mineral of soil 6. has smaller but more numerous than! Dissolution-Induced porosity by total volume ( void/total ) permeable materials groundwater may move several metres in day! Cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock it moves only into and out of porous material up! Air can hold: d. a and c, which of the sample ) weather sea has! Of Permeability of soil 6. types 4. buried gasoline or chemicals topography of the following landscape features not! Between the shape of the following does not affect the in a material that holds groundwater, porosity hazards of a shoreline, Permeability and.