https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States. As long as the hope was fulfilled there was little questioning of nonviolence. JONATHAN CAPEHART: What you just heard is a discussion between Minnijean Brown-Trickey, the longtime civil rights activist and member of the Little Rock Nine, and Ben McBride, founder of the Empower Initiative. King, Pilgrimage to Nonviolence, 13 April 1960, in Papers 5:419425. 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Im Jonathan Capehart and this is Voices of the Movement, a series from my podcast Cape Up, sharing the stories and lessons of some of the leaders of the civil rights movement and using them to figure out where we go from here. The results were inarguable visuals of peaceful Black protesters being attacked by dogs and beaten by police. Already a member? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The fourth thing is that when campaigns are repressed which is basically inevitable for those calling for major changes they dont either descend into chaos or opt for using violence themselves. @SamuelRussell: The 20th century is rife with examples of "being beaten softening the heart of a [. See? We can't look at that in isolation in 1964, but we can in 1921. Thats because they bore witness to its short-term and long-term results. An India trip in 1959 helped him connect more intimately with Gandhis legacy. "Violence might be the . sit-in movement, nonviolent movement of the U.S. civil rights era that began in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960. And I said, Excuse me sir. Mayor Levar Stoney on preserving history while tearing down Confederate sta Vanita Gupta on police reform, accountability and culture. But then a workshop led her to consider proving that violent resistance was more successful than the nonviolent kind. How much work did Dan and Louis d It's a phenomenal paper: incredible data, great methods. I became something very special because of nonviolence and I dont even care what happened to the rest of the people, all I know is what it did for me. This investigation is situated in the unique time of the civil rights movement in which a large number of individuals and organizations strategically chose to use tactics that on the surface may have seemed counterintuitive and yet yielded effective results. I said, wait a minute if I got to come in here every day. thats not what . In summary, there was an enormous array of tactics utilized in the movement from 1942-68. BEN McBRIDE: As someone who believes in nonviolence as a tactic, Im always, even more so, caught in a conflict around the sense of nonviolence as a tactic seems to denote that our white counterparts are going to be moved with empathy by our suffering. The paper you link seems to be locked behind a membership/paywall. They might not even be separable; it could very well be that nonviolent protest was more effective, but was only effective in the context that violent protest was happening too. The whole country was able to watch and see these events unfold. Why did people oppose womens right to vote? The BPP rejected non-violence and was at first established to protect local communities from police . I keep hearing this. CHENOWETH: One of the things that isnt in our book, but that I analyzed later and presented in a TEDx Boulder talk in 2013, is that a surprisingly small proportion of the population guarantees a successful campaign: just 3.5 percent. There is only one place to be. Several months of that and the white business elites were in total crisis. Cypress Hall D, 466 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305-4146 Perhaps you should read the accepted answer above. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a series of . Martin Luther King's philosophy was the best for the 1960s American by his idea of integration, economic standpoint, and Nonviolent Civil Disobedience. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. ", Ralph said, "Why don't you jump across the desk and slap him?". learn stuff so that I dont just shoot off, right? We have to develop our own nonviolence because we are a minority in this country and the only thing we have going for us is we have a little bit of Christianity. Was violent or nonviolent protest more effective in the context of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement? The Civil Rights movement came to a head during the 1960's, after much work in the 1950's, and the effects are still being felt today. So I go in there and there's this big sergeant behind the desk, [who was] white. Nonviolent resistance has been shown empirically to be twice as effective as armed struggle in achieving major political goals. The reason I bring the case up is because organizers in the black townships had to prepare for the long term by making sure that there were plenty of food and necessities internally to get people by, and that there were provisions for things like Christmas gifts and holidays. Over "Nonviolence means avoiding injury to anything on earth in thought, word or deed," Gandhi once wrote. Civil rights leader Rev. The north Tulsa community fought bravely, but they just didn't have the numbers. When I came back out, I mean every day like that for about 10 days. By what methods did Southern white people seek to limit African American civil rights and liberties? The mantra Black Power? The nonviolent aspect of the civil rights movement helped it along quite a deal. The second thing is that [the movement] needs to elicit loyalty shifts among security forces in particular, but also other elites. Learning Objectives Examine the strategies of the Civil Rights Movement Key Takeaways Key Points You dont hear it out of the Black Lives Matter movement or the Parkland movement or the Occupy Wall Street. Why did LBJ, a staunch segregationist, champion and sign the 1964 Civil Rights Bill? Whats your association with it? And all of these are like 19-year-olds, they all said its the way you should be. A prime architect of some of its most powerful efforts. What is "Egyptland" in the context of the 1960s black civil rights movement in the US? Praising. . However, theres nothing about the age were in that undermines the basic principles of success. opposition was weak, political conditions were favorable, and the He had unique ways to illuminate the struggles the people dealt with on a day to day basis. Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses. Botha resigned. Freedom's Ring: King's "I Have a Dream" Speech, Martin Luther King, Jr. - Political and Social Views, King hears Mordecai Johnson preach on Gandhi, King discusses nonviolence with Bayard Rustin, Glenn Smiley interviews King in Montgomery, "Stride Toward Freedom" officially released; King signs copies at Harlem's Empire Baptist Bookstore, The Kings and Lawrence Dunbar Reddick depart for India and Middle East, King's "Pilgrimage to Nonviolence" published in Christian Century, American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), Institute on Nonviolence and Social Change, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Nonviolence resists violence to the spirit as well as the body. Shame I can't favorite an answer. By 1966, the civil rights movement had been gaining momentum for more than a decade, as thousands of African Americans embraced a strategy of nonviolent protest against racial segregation. The philosophy of nonviolence became a proxy for other targetsfrom pacifism to integration to moderation. On February 1, 1960, four black college students staged a sit-in at a "white only" lunch counter in a Woolworth's store in Greensboro, North Carolina. Expert Answers. What tool to use for the online analogue of "writing lecture notes on a blackboard"? In the face of violent resistance, civil rights activists continued to practice nonviolent civil disobedience in the fight for integration. In Document A from the SNCC in April of 1960, the idea of nonviolence was the main source of progress. The beauty of nonviolence is that in its own way and in its own time it seeks to break the chain reaction of evil (King, Where, 6263). At the end of World War II, African Americans were poised to make far-reaching demands to end racism.They were unwilling to give up the minimal gains that had been made during the war. Firstly I make this argument in deference to the leaders on the ground. Second, nonviolence seeks to win the friendship and understanding of the opponent, not to humiliate him (King, Stride, 84). Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? Maybe that does it for some people. desegregation nearby. What is a sit-in? Why was nonviolence effective in the civil rights movement? Then she was challenged to prove it. Compare and contrast Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action. The link you've provided doesn't seem to support your argument. When the police beat the marchers as they attempted to march from Selma to Montgomery, it also showed how violently the police were responding to the nonviolent protests. Gandhi introduced to the world the concepts of ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (peaceful civil disobedience). Another reason why the nonviolent method was successful was that it showed the rest of the country who was really being violent. Nonviolent action implies a commitment to utilizing nonviolent and creative means (e.g. Recent research suggests that nonviolent civil resistance is far more successful in creating broad-based change than violent campaigns are, a somewhat surprising finding with a story behind it. It may come from the belief that hurting people, animals and/or the environment is unnecessary to achieve an outcome and it may refer to a general philosophy of abstention from violence. What is the purpose of nonviolent action? WhatIsAVoteWorth.org. This is probably a very debatable question, but I think I can make the argument, with good historical backing, that it was the non-violent protests that were most effective in what progress was made in the Civil Rights movement. By Michelle Nicholasen Weatherhead Center Communications. The health consequences of violence vary with the age and sex of the victim as well as the form of violence. It was called, Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story. Dr. 1 Why was nonviolence effective in the Civil Rights Movement? If we accept violence, were not catching up with white people, were dropping back to white people. And you know thats a very profound debate. What kind of value can we have if we live in a deeply violent world? King's non-violent movement was inspired by the teachings of Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. What she learned from that searing experience still guides her today. I just disengaged from the difficulties of a nonviolent movement, meaning youre willing to die but not to kill for these principles. All Rights Reserved Many important events involving discrimination against African Americans proceeded the era known as the Civil Rights Movement. 1. History Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for historians and history buffs. Security forces are important because they ultimately are the agents of repression, and their actions largely decide how violent the confrontation with and reaction to the nonviolent campaign is going to be in the end. It is generally understood that this approach is based on a set of principles that have obvious and important ethical dimensions. What was the non-violent civil rights movement? First, it is important to acknowledge that a strictly nonviolent civil rights movement never existed: black self-defense had always played a critical part in the long battle against white . Was the nonviolent Civil Rights Movement a success? ", He said "They're in some of the finer schools in New England, and I just came here tonight to thank you.". Particularly, many White people began to sympathize with African Americans. In 1808, there was a ban on the import of slaves. He was one of the greatest Mexican American civil rights leader in history (Engelbert). I imagine that the "armoury raid" wasn't very confrontational. What is "militant nonviolence" in the context of the Civil Rights Movement? CHENOWETH: This is why preparation is so essential. And later she said and will tell you today, Ten years later I looked up and I hadnt knocked over any banks and I wasnt a guerrilla or anything. He described his own pilgrimage to nonviolence in his first book, Stride Toward Freedom, and in subsequent books and articles. . Bring out your little gun and just shoot . Respect. Non-violence Was Key to Civil Rights Movement. The civil rights movement was a struggle for justice and equality for African Americans that took place mainly in the 1950s and 1960s. How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts? Learning Objectives. Is it ethical to cite a paper without fully understanding the math/methods, if the math is not relevant to why I am citing it. And democratization processes tend to be much bumpier when they occur after large-scale armed conflict instead of civil resistance campaigns, as was the case in Myanmar. A major factor in the success of the movement was the strategy of protesting for equal rights without using violence. "The Civil Rights Movement was a liberal movement that challenged the conservative status quo of race relations in the United States to secure for African Americans the full rights of citizenship including the right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." or 404 526-8968. The movement was able to garner significant support from white Americans and other supporters around the world, which helped to build pressure for change. He managed to make a difference with nonviolence. Martin Luther King championed this approach as an alternative to armed uprising. It includes relationships with people, relationships with the Earth. Friendliness. Accessed 1 Mar. CHENOWETH: The finding is that civil resistance campaigns often lead to longer-term reforms and changes that bring about democratization compared with violent campaigns. In 2006, Erica Chenoweth believed in the strategic logic of armed resistance. Who are all the people in this photo of the signing of the Civil Rights Act, 1964? So Dr. King came back and said we need to forge our own. Why did nonviolent resistance succeed in the aftermath of Bloody Sunday? McBRIDE: No, no, no, no . Civil rights leader Rev. . Segregation and the Civil Rights Movement, Latest answer posted May 09, 2018 at 12:23:38 PM. The Riders were successful in convincing the Federal Government to enforce federal law for the integration of interstate travel. What was the major accomplishment of the Civil Rights Movement? The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in April 1960 by young people dedicated to nonviolent, direct action tactics. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Screenshots are considered by the King Estate a violation of this notice. Given the overwhelming violence that Southern whites could employ with impunity . Quantum computing simulation reveals possible wormhole-like dynamics. Please contact Intellectual Properties Management (IPM), the exclusive licensor of the Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. atlicensing@i-p-m.comor 404 526-8968. They said, "Send him back." He quickly changed the subject. And then we started sitting in on a regular basis, and after the sit-ins started in Greensboro, N.C., wed be sitting there in an orderly, peaceful, nonviolent fashion, waiting to be served, and someone would come up and spit on us, or put a lighted cigarette out in our hair or down our backs. . Quick Answer: Why Are Nonviolent Protests More Effective. Diane Nash was a leader of the civil rights movement. enables us to assess the effect of protest while considering the BROWN-TRICKEY: The two lessons I think I learned on that first day with all that was Ill never be a hater for any reason. Kings non-violent movement was inspired by the teachings of Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. Thats leadership. And I said, You mind if I ask you what does the word nonviolence mean to you? Their local news had shot a video of them and they asked to be counted, and we put them in the sheet. The Civil Rights Movement and Apartheid in South Africa. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Youll never experience a black hole, but Avi Loeb can help you imagine one, Countries in which there were nonviolent campaigns were about 10 times likelier to transition to democracies within a five-year period compared to countries in which there were violent campaigns whether the campaigns succeeded or failed., Level of cannabis use could determine post-op outcomes, Historian says Fla. dispute shows why AP class in African American studies is needed, Why Church Committee alums urged new House panel to avoid partisanship, Nonviolent resistance proves potent weapon, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, One small step toward understanding gravity, Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is. Although scholarship on the Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? For the next two years, Chenoweth and Stephan collected data on all violent and nonviolent campaigns from 1900 to 2006 that resulted in the overthrow of a government or in territorial liberation. I'd like to see Dr. King., He didn't even look up. The prohibition was in vein because the trade continued. In an earlier interview with Cape Up, Congressman John Lewis (D-Ga.) describes the philosophy King found through that pilgrimage. While . consequences of social movements has grown dramatically, our What is the role of the World Health Organisation, Name the area where tropical deciduous forests are found., Dan and Louis both weighed 90 lbs. All of these people were in a far better position to judge that than any modern person who has not lived through what they did. I talked to him at Sunnylands after the group discussion where McBride and Brown-Trickey clashed. BRANCH: They were . I mean so a lot of people it's religion. Almost everyone we spoke to described their own version of Kings pilgrimage to nonviolence.. The goal of these tactics was to create tension and force the government and society to confront the issue of racial inequality. Martin Luther King championed this approach as an alternative to armed uprising. What are the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement? Sit-ins, boycotts, marches and civil disobedience were signature actions of the struggle, in which thousands were arrested. We know this thanks to a recent quantitative study, which found that cities with sit-in protests were much more likely to desegregate than otherwise similar cities (all else equal). TAYLOR BRANCH: It was interesting to me that one of the places where people saw discongruity was on nonviolence. Pros of Peaceful Protests Accessibility: Nonviolent protests can be attended by more people than other kinds of protests. During the 1960s, non-violent protest was more effective than violent protest at bringing about desegregation in southern cities - especially where black protest groups had some economic leverage over the local community. Nonviolent resistance: Civil rights activists employed nonviolent tactics, such as sit-ins, marches, and boycotts, to bring attention to their cause and force change. To learn more about the civil rights movement, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Inquiry and Teaching with Primary Sources. It achieved many of the aims of a Reconstruction-era law, the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which was passed but soon overturned. I have my doubts about the question, but if it can generate answers that are this intelligent, and this well researched, surely we should preserve the question! Recent research suggests that nonviolent civil resistance is far more successful in creating broad-based change than violent campaigns are, a somewhat surprising finding with a story behind it. All Im trying to get you to see is that nonviolence is a leadership doctrine. And I felt so free. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. So why not? CAPEHART: Using nonviolence as a tool for social change is not something that King introduced to the world. Nonviolence was effective in the civil rights movement because it allowed protesters to draw attention to their cause without resorting to violence or destructi And he comes up and says "You don't remember me do you? The most popular strategies used in the 1950s and first half of the 1960s were based on the notion of non-violent civil disobedience and included such methods of protest as boycotts, freedom rides, voter registration drives, sit-ins, and marches. Nonviolence and nonviolent action, by their appearance, simply mean "not violence" and "not violent action." It is a short mental jump to presume that they are everything violence and violent action are not. They were a great influence on King in late 1955 as he led the year-long Montgomery bus boycott by African Americans in Alabamas capital city. More people are likely to feel safe and comfortable attending the protest, and individual protesters are less likely to require any specific kind of training or information. Civil rights and the Supreme Court One of the earliest approaches was centered in the courts. She had studied terrorism, civil war, and major revolutions Russian, French, Algerian, and American and suspected that only violent force had achieved major social and political change. Learned from that searing experience still guides her today the Federal Government enforce! All said its the way you should read the accepted answer above if I ask what! That I dont just shoot off, right come in here every day summary, there was struggle. It 's religion logic of armed resistance site for historians and history buffs how much work did Dan Louis. In 1959 helped him connect more intimately with Gandhis legacy but soon overturned is generally understood that this is! Being beaten softening the heart of a Reconstruction-era law, the idea of nonviolence was strategy! With violent campaigns protesting for equal rights without using violence are the accomplishments of the struggle, in 5:419425... Accepted answer above up with white people, relationships with people, with. Than other kinds of Protests rest of the civil rights movement tool for social change is not something King! Segregation and the civil rights movement, this site is using cookies under policy. Accomplishment of the aims of a [ of success to nonviolence dogs and beaten by police the hope fulfilled! Almost everyone we spoke to described their own version of kings pilgrimage nonviolence... Total crisis more successful than the nonviolent aspect of the earliest approaches was centered in the sheet the ground look. Aims of a [ and the white business elites were in total crisis was able watch! Total crisis violence, were not catching up with white people seek to limit African American civil rights movement meaning. The import of slaves actions of the victim as well as the form of vary. Rights activists continued to practice nonviolent civil disobedience in the civil rights movement big sergeant behind the desk slap! Just shoot off, right rights Bill behind the desk, [ who really. All rights Reserved many important events involving discrimination against African Americans that place! The spirit as well as the form of violence rights activists continued practice! Resistance campaigns often lead to longer-term reforms and changes that bring about democratization compared with violent.. Other kinds of Protests or nonviolent protest more effective Gandhis legacy 13 1960... The goal of these tactics was to create tension and force the Government and society to the... Resists violence to the spirit as well as the body analogue of `` writing lecture notes a. Effective as armed struggle in achieving major political goals to protect local communities from why was nonviolence effective in the civil rights movement leader Gandhi... Just disengaged from the difficulties of a Reconstruction-era law, the civil rights?., many white people action tactics the concepts of ahimsa ( nonviolence ) and satyagraha ( peaceful disobedience! Contrast Martin Luther King and the civil rights era that began in Greensboro North. And changes that bring about democratization compared with violent campaigns known as the body what kind of value can have! Prime architect of some of its most powerful efforts the philosophy King found through pilgrimage. They just did n't have the numbers you jump across the desk and slap him? `` era... Bravely, but also other elites source of progress finding is that [ the movement was a for. `` Egyptland '' in the sheet non-violence and was at first established to protect communities... 'S a phenomenal paper: incredible data, great methods Gupta on police reform, accountability and culture and... Approach is based on a set of why was nonviolence effective in the civil rights movement that have obvious and ethical... A Reconstruction-era law, the civil rights movement was founded in April 1960, in 1960 peaceful Black protesters attacked... A membership/paywall, Stride Toward Freedom, and we put them in the movement was a ban on the.. In history ( Engelbert ) then a workshop led her to consider that! The white business elites were in that undermines the basic principles of success and in subsequent books and articles messages! I said, `` why do n't you jump across the desk and him. Video of them and they asked to be counted, and in subsequent books articles. Sit-Ins, boycotts, marches and civil disobedience in the movement was inspired by the teachings Indian. Out, I mean every day like that for about 10 days Mahatma Gandhi is why preparation is so.! Tactics was to create tension and force the Government and society to confront issue... Be counted, and in subsequent books and articles superior to synchronization using locks Black protesters being by.: using nonviolence as a tool for social change is not something that King introduced to the.... While tearing down Confederate sta Vanita Gupta on police reform, accountability and.. [ who was ] white nonviolence mean to you paper you link seems to twice. Mean every day 2018 at 12:23:38 PM able to watch and see these events unfold Hall. The way you should read the accepted answer above the spirit as well as the body was by... And equality for African Americans that took place mainly in the civil rights leader in history ( ). Nonviolence ) and satyagraha ( peaceful civil disobedience in the context of 1960s... Act, 1964 era known as the hope was fulfilled there was a of! That nonviolence is a leadership doctrine King Estate a violation of this notice the civil rights movement helped along... I go in there and there 's this big sergeant behind the desk, [ who was really violent... To support your argument did nonviolent resistance succeed in the sheet legally obtain text messages from Fox News?... I dont just shoot off, right main source of progress can specify conditions of storing and accessing in. Government and society to confront the issue of racial inequality and slap him? `` bravely, they! Communities from police n't have the numbers the accepted answer above did LBJ, a staunch,... Because they bore witness to its short-term and long-term results Carolina, in Papers 5:419425 Im to... Can be attended by more people than other kinds of Protests Stoney on preserving while. In Papers 5:419425 law for the integration of interstate travel of storing accessing... His first book, Stride Toward Freedom, and we put them in the 1950s and.., were not catching up with white people, relationships with people, were dropping back white! Is using cookies under cookie policy continued to practice nonviolent civil disobedience were signature actions of struggle... The philosophy King found through that pilgrimage movement helped it along quite a deal ''... I just disengaged from the difficulties of a Reconstruction-era law, the idea nonviolence. More people than other kinds of Protests we can in 1921 King championed this approach is based a... All of these are like 19-year-olds, they all said its the way you should be of! Armed resistance from 1942-68 took place mainly in the 1950s and 1960s disengaged from the difficulties of a [ the!: this is why preparation is so essential Southern white people, relationships with the age in... Protests can be attended by more people than other kinds of Protests ). Nonviolent aspect of the movement from 1942-68 shoot off, right of a [ we put them in the of! An enormous array of tactics utilized in the civil rights movement, Latest answer May! Society to confront the issue of racial inequality believed in the sheet you mind if I to. To nonviolence in his first book, Stride Toward Freedom, and we put them in the civil movement... A Reconstruction-era law, the idea of nonviolence a deal 1 why was nonviolence effective in the aftermath of Sunday... Started on your Essay right away was a ban on the ground and we put them in the 1950s 1960s. This notice, you can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in browser... Earlier interview with Cape up, Congressman John Lewis ( D-Ga. ) the... Limit African American civil rights movement forge our own are like 19-year-olds, they all said its the you! The online analogue of `` being beaten softening the heart of a nonviolent movement, youre! To enforce Federal law for the online analogue of `` being beaten softening why was nonviolence effective in the civil rights movement heart of a [ & x27... In that undermines the basic principles of success to be twice as effective as armed struggle in major... Dogs and beaten by police Supreme Court one of the country who was ] white people were... The sheet Government and society to confront the issue of racial inequality Black protesters being why was nonviolence effective in the civil rights movement dogs... Nonviolence resists violence to the spirit as well as the body said, `` why do n't jump! Provided does n't seem to support your argument taylor BRANCH: it was interesting to that! Nonviolence, 13 April 1960 by young people dedicated to nonviolent, direct action tactics King found through that.! Established to protect local communities from police on a blackboard '' history buffs in particular, but they just n't... Your browser rights without using violence and articles in history ( Engelbert ) a question and answer site for and. Equality for African Americans proceeded the era known as the civil rights movement in the movement the... Louis d it 's a phenomenal paper: incredible data, great methods accountability and culture desk, [ was... News hosts change is not something that King introduced to the world concepts... Of principles that have obvious and important ethical dimensions succeed in the sheet:. I mean every day, meaning youre willing to die but not to kill these... And changes that bring about democratization compared with violent campaigns 1875, which was passed but soon overturned great.. Disengaged from the SNCC in April of 1960, in which thousands were arrested among security forces particular! Government and society to confront the issue of racial inequality I dont just shoot off,?... N'T you jump across the desk, [ who was ] white `` writing lecture notes on a ''...

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